Protein foods include: Meat and meat products beef, chicken, lamb, pork or kangaroo Fish and seafood.
Dairy food such as milk and yoghurt also carbohydrate Beans and pulses also carbohydrates Nuts also fats Soy and tofu products. What are the 2 categories of carbohydrates? There are two major types of carbohydrates or carbs in foods: simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates: These are also called simple sugars. They're found in refined sugars, like the white sugar you see in a sugar bowl. If you have a lollipop, you're eating simple carbs.
What type of fat is generally found in meat and dairy products? Leaner animal products, such as chicken breast or pork loin, often have less saturated fat.
What gives you energy protein or carbs? Because proteins are complex molecules, the body takes longer to break them down. As a result, they are a much slower and longer-lasting source of energy than carbohydrates. There are 20 amino acids. Which food has the most energy? Bananas may be one of the best foods for energy. Fatty Fish. Fatty fish like salmon and tuna are good sources of protein, fatty acids and B vitamins, making them great foods to include in your diet.
Brown Rice. Brown rice is a very nutritious food. Sweet Potatoes. How many calories is 1g of carbs? What is the difference between carbohydrates and fats?
Fat has more than twice as many calories per gram as carbohydrates and proteins. Infants also need a 9th one, histidine. The percentage of protein the body can use to synthesize essential amino acids varies from protein to protein. The body can use a little less than half of the protein in most vegetables and cereals. The body needs protein to maintain and replace tissues and to function and grow. Protein is not usually used for energy. However, if the body is not getting enough calories from other nutrients or from the fat stored in the body, protein is used for energy.
If more protein is consumed than is needed, the body breaks the protein down and stores its components as fat.
The body contains large amounts of protein. Protein, the main building block in the body, is the primary component of most cells. For example, muscle, connective tissues, and skin are all built of protein. Adults need to eat about 60 grams of protein per day 0. Adults who are trying to build muscle need slightly more. Children also need more because they are growing. People who are limiting calories to lose weight typically need a higher amount of protein to prevent loss of muscle while they are losing weight.
Fats are complex molecules composed of fatty acids and glycerol. The body needs fats for growth and energy. Fats are the slowest source of energy but the most energy-efficient form of food. Each gram of fat supplies the body with about 9 calories, more than twice that supplied by proteins or carbohydrates.
Because fats are such an efficient form of energy, the body stores any excess energy as fat. The body deposits excess fat in the abdomen omental fat and under the skin subcutaneous fat to use when it needs more energy.
The body may also deposit excess fat in blood vessels and within organs, where it can block blood flow and damage organs, often causing serious disorders. When the body needs fatty acids, it can make synthesize certain ones. Others, called essential fatty acids, cannot be synthesized and must be consumed in the diet. They include linoleic acid and linolenic acid, which are present in certain vegetable oils. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are fatty acids essential for brain development, can be synthesized from linolenic acid.
However, they also are present in certain marine fish oils, which are a more efficient source. Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid are omega-6 fatty acids. Linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid are omega-3 fatty acids. A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a condition in which patchy deposits of fatty material atheromas or atherosclerotic plaques develop in the walls of medium-sized and large arteries, leading to reduced or The heart muscle needs a constant supply of oxygen-rich blood.
The coronary Lake trout and certain deep-sea fish contain large amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. In the United States, people tend to consume enough omega-6 fatty acids, which occur in the oils used in many processed foods, but not enough omega-3 fatty acids. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should choose fish that are low in mercury. See Mercury in Seafood Mercury in seafood Some risk factors are present before women become pregnant. These risk factors include Certain physical characteristics, such as age, and social characteristics of women Problems in a previous Saturated fats are more likely to increase cholesterol levels and increase the risk of atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a condition in which patchy deposits of fatty material atheromas or atherosclerotic plaques develop in the walls of medium-sized and large arteries, leading to reduced or Foods derived from animals commonly contain saturated fats, which tend to be solid at room temperature.
Fats derived from plants commonly contain monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids, which tend to be liquid at room temperature. Palm and coconut oil are exceptions. They contain more saturated fats than other plant oils. Trans fats trans fatty acids are a different category of fat. They are man-made, formed by adding hydrogen atoms hydrogenation to monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fats may be partially or fully hydrogenated or saturated with hydrogen atoms.
In the United States, the main dietary source of trans fats is partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, present in many commercially prepared foods. Consuming trans fats may adversely affect cholesterol levels in the body and may contribute to the risk of atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a condition in which patchy deposits of fatty material atheromas or atherosclerotic plaques develop in the walls of medium-sized and large arteries, leading to reduced or Eliminating trans fats in the diets is recommended.
When possible, monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats, particularly omega-3 fats, should be substituted for saturated fats and trans fats. This keeps the brain functioning when glucose is limited.
When ketones are produced faster than they can be used, they can be broken down into CO 2 and acetone. The acetone is removed by exhalation. This effect provides one way of telling if a diabetic is properly controlling the disease. The carbon dioxide produced can acidify the blood, leading to diabetic ketoacidosis, a dangerous condition in diabetics.
Ketones oxidize to produce energy for the brain. The carbon within the acetoacetyl CoA that is not bonded to the CoA then detaches, splitting the molecule in two. These two acetyl CoA molecules are then processed through the Krebs cycle to generate energy. When glucose levels are plentiful, the excess acetyl CoA generated by glycolysis can be converted into fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, steroids, and bile salts.
This process, called lipogenesis , creates lipids fat from the acetyl CoA and takes place in the cytoplasm of adipocytes fat cells and hepatocytes liver cells. When you eat more glucose or carbohydrates than your body needs, your system uses acetyl CoA to turn the excess into fat. Although there are several metabolic sources of acetyl CoA, it is most commonly derived from glycolysis. Acetyl CoA availability is significant, because it initiates lipogenesis.
Lipogenesis begins with acetyl CoA and advances by the subsequent addition of two carbon atoms from another acetyl CoA; this process is repeated until fatty acids are the appropriate length.
Because this is a bond-creating anabolic process, ATP is consumed. However, the creation of triglycerides and lipids is an efficient way of storing the energy available in carbohydrates. Triglycerides and lipids, high-energy molecules, are stored in adipose tissue until they are needed.
Although lipogenesis occurs in the cytoplasm, the necessary acetyl CoA is created in the mitochondria and cannot be transported across the mitochondrial membrane. To solve this problem, pyruvate is converted into both oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA. Two different enzymes are required for these conversions. Oxaloacetate forms via the action of pyruvate carboxylase, whereas the action of pyruvate dehydrogenase creates acetyl CoA.
Oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA combine to form citrate, which can cross the mitochondrial membrane and enter the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, citrate is converted back into oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA. Oxaloacetate is converted into malate and then into pyruvate. Pyruvate crosses back across the mitochondrial membrane to wait for the next cycle of lipogenesis. The acetyl CoA is converted into malonyl CoA that is used to synthesize fatty acids.
Figure 6 summarizes the pathways of lipid metabolism. Lipids are available to the body from three sources. They can be ingested in the diet, stored in the adipose tissue of the body, or synthesized in the liver. Fats ingested in the diet are digested in the small intestine.
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